power equipments and components

An engine is a simple mechanical device, an air pump really, that uses pistons and valves to pull air in and push air out. The pistons in an engine block must be sealed inside each cylinder in order for the process to be efficient. Because the pistons travel through the stroke millions of times throughout the life of the engine, the seals are critical. This is done with a series of rings that go around the top half of the piston, sealing it to the cylinder wall. When the piston rings wear out, the engine’s efficiency suffers. How they work Piston rings are made of metal, typical stock engines use cast iron rings, while high-performance engines  may use ductile iron rings with a chromoly or chrome face. Cast iron is good for stock rebuilds, but that is about it. Ductile iron rings are economical and good for performance engine builds. When left as is (no additional material facing), they are generally good to about two horsepower per cubic inch, so a naturally-aspirated 6...

How Does a  Fuel Pump  Know When to Stop?  Is there some sort of magical leprechaun in your tank that shouts up to a gremlin in the fuel pump, letting him know the tank is all full? Although, mystical automotive creatures would make the mechanics of automobiles more interesting and a blog about auto parts more Tolkien, this is not the case.   The automatic shutoff can be traced all the way back to 1939, so it is not the result of some modern nanotechnology. It is a simple system that relies heavily on vacuum. I am not talking about the vacuum that comes by when you lift up your legs so it can suck up the Cheetos lying beside your feet. The vacuum in a  fuel pump  nozzle is a Venturi effect. The effect is the reduction in pressure which results when a gas or fluid flows through a pipe, or in this case a nozzle. The next time you are at the pump look at the tip of the nozzle. You will see a hole on the side somewhere. This is where the Venturi port is lo...

An  automatic voltage regulator  (AVR) is a electronic device for automatically maintaining generator output terminal voltage at a set value under varying load and operating temperature. It controls output by sensing the voltage Vout at a power-generating coil and comparing it to a stable reference. The error signal is then used to adjust an average value of the field current. Most cheap portable generators have fixed excitation. In such machines, when an alternator is loaded, its terminal voltage drops due to its internal impedance. This impedance is formed of leakage reactance, armature reactance and armature resistance. The Vout also depends on the power factor of the load. That's why to maintain Vout within tighter limits, more expensive models use an  AVR.  Note that all AVRs help regulating the output in a steady state operation, but are generally slow to respond to fast transient loads. Some high-end models, such as Honda EB10000 use more accurate digital...